Fluxes, Different types of fluxes are available for cleaning, covering, element removal, protection against chromium reactions and slag coagulation.

They are sold under the brand names ALBRAL, CHROMBRAL, CUPREX, CUPRIT, ELEKTRO, ELIMINALU, RAFFINATOR, RECUPEX and SLAX.
There are two melting techniques. One method is to melt the alloy under cover of a reducing flux, which protects the metal from the absorption of oxygen. The second method is to melt the alloy under strongly oxidising conditions using an oxidising flux cover to exclude all hydrogen.
It is frequently necessary to protect the surface of a melt in the furnace or ladle to prevent oxidation losses of alloying elements (such as aluminium or zinc) and gas pick-up from the atmosphere or from the combustion of fuels. ALBRAL and CUPRIT are the fluxes recommended for this process.
When it is necessary to melt under oxidising conditions, oxidising fluxes or combined covering and oxidising fluxes are available such as CUPREX.
Fluxes are also required in scrap recovery. When dirty or oxidised scrap is used, it is essential to eliminate as much nonmetallic material from the melt as possible and prevent loss of metal in the dross. It is also frequently necessary to recover metal from dross. In this case RECUPEX or RAFFINATOR fluxes are used.
ELIMINALU fluxes are specifically designed to reduce aluminium to very low levels by treatment with a flux that preferentially reacts with it to form compounds which Fluxes separate easily by flotation. After the removal of aluminium this flux will act further to reduce silicon and manganese as required.

Degassing, LOGAS 50 is a degassing agent for the removal of dissolved hydrogen from copper and copper alloys. It also purges and removes oxides from the melt.

FDU machines can be an alternative. They are particularly effective for removing hydrogen and inclusions from copper melts.

Deoxidants, DEOX Tubes are designed to remove dissolved oxygen from liquid metal by the introduction of a very reactive reducing agent with which it combines to form a stable oxide. This separates easily from the melt.

FDU machines can be an alternative. They are particularly effective for removing hydrogen and inclusions from copper melts.