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Publications Glossary
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| Term | Definition |
| Alloying Additives | element added to a metal to change its physical characteristics and properties e.g. carbon, silicon, copper, nickel |
| Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys | aluminium and magnesium metals which contain more than one additional element e.g. chromium; often used in aircraft components |
| Billet | continuously cast semi-finished steel long product which is square or round in section and subsequently rolled into rod or bar used for reinforcing concrete. Though it has no precise dimensions it usually has a section diameter between 150mm and 180mm |
| Bloom | continuously cast semi finished steel long product which is square or rectangular in section and subsequently rolled into 'shaped profiles' for the building and construction industry. Though it has no precise dimensions, a bloom has a section size which ranges from 200mm square up to 450mm thick by 750mm wide |
| Carbon Bonded Ceramics | CBC's are a highly refractory material based on alumina, zirconia or magnesia bonded with carbon used in critical products such as shrouds and nozzles in the steel continuous casting process |
| Casting Fluxes | a chemical (usually in powder or granule form) which is added to liquid metal in a furnace or ladle to promote fusing, cleaning or to prevent the formation of oxides |
| Ceramic Foam Filters | a ceramic product formed with a honeycomb foam structure, commonly used in the foundry to remove defects from the molten metal stream |
| Commodity Lining | low unit cost castable or other refractory material, as used in the lining of furnaces and transfer ladles |
| Continuous Casting | a process in which steel slabs, blooms and billets are cast continuously (rather than into a series of separate ingots) |
| Crystalline Component | a component with a regular and predictable crystalline structure |
| Degasser Snorkels | pre-cast monolithic 'snorkels' or 'bells' used in the secondary refining process during steel making |
| Degassing Units | a machine which acts to reduce the hydrogen level of molten aluminium. Rotary versions of the equipment are often used to also remove impurities from the liquid metal |
| Exothermic Materials | materials (powders and preformed shapes) that ignite on contact with molten metal to provide a heat source, thus extending solidification time. Most exothermic materials act as an insulator once spent |
| Feeding Systems | materials (powders and preformed shapes) that either exotherm or insulate to extend and control the solidification time of the cooling metal |
| Ferroalloys | any of various alloys of iron and one or more other elements, such as manganese, chromium, phosphorus or silicon, often used as a raw material in the production of steel and its alloys |
| Flux Products | A chemical (usually in powder or granule form) which is added to liquid metal in a furnace or ladle to promote fusing and/or cleaning, or to prevent the formation of oxides |
| Grade Separator Plates | a steel plate inserted into the mould to define where there has been a. change 6:om one steel grade to another during a continuous casting process |
| Hot Tops | insulating or exothermic refractory products used to maintain the temperature of the steel in the head of an ingot mould during solidification |
| Ingot Casting | a process whereby molten steel is cast into forms intended for subsequent mechanical working, such as rolling or forging |
| Injection Lances | pre-cast monolithic tubes used to introduce inert gas or powdered treatment agents deep into the molten iron or steel for the purpose of refining |
| Inoculants | elements added to molten metal (usually iron) to encourage the formation of suitable metallurgical structures |
| Inorganic Chemical Systems | chemicals used in the foundry process, which are formed from elements and compounds which do not contain carbon and therefore are not derived from living materials |
| Ladle Linings | inert and insulating materials used to line ladles, which transfer molten metal e.g. from the furnace to the casting area. Ladles are often portable by crane, forklift or by hand |
| Launders | channels, usually lined with inert and insulating materials, through which molten metal flows from the furnace to the casting area; launders are usually static installations |
| Magnesium Ferrosilican | a ferroalloy used in the production of ductile iron which acts as a nodulariser, changing the metallurgical structure to encourage the required mechanical properties |
| Metallurgical Chemicals | any of a wide group of chemicals which can be used in any of the metallurgical processes i.e. alloying elements, resin binders, fluxes etc |
| Microsilica | a fine-structured form of a non-metallic naturally occurring material (oxide of the element silicon), used in combination with other materials in glass, concrete, brick and refractories |
| Mould Flux | synthetic granular or powder product used to cover the liquid steel surface in the continuous casting mould for the purposes of lubrication, insulation and inclusion (impurity) removal |
| Nodulariser | an element (often magnesium based) which is introduced into iron to alter its metallurgical properties, promoting discrete nodules to improve the ductility of the metal |
| Non-Ferrous | Of, or relating to metals other than iron e.g. aluminium, copper, bronze etc. |
| Organic Resins | chemical binder materials used in the foundry process, which are formed from elements and compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen |
| Parting Agents | barrier materials, often used during the forming of sand moulds and cores, to allow the pattern to be removed without sticking to the sand |
| Powder and Granulated Fluxes | a chemical in powder or granule form which is added to liquid metal in a furnace or ladle to promote fusing, cleaning or to prevent the formation of oxides |
| Refactories | a material for use in the construction of vessels or products, able to maintain its strength and integrity in the presence of high temperatures, mechanical and chemical erosion e.g. in contact with molten iron or steel |
| Refactory Paints | a refractory coating, often applied to sand moulds and cores, which is capable of withstanding the high temperatures of molten metal e.g. used to improve surface finish of castings |
| Resin Binders | chemical materials (most often liquid) which are mixed with sands to allow moulds and cores to be formed, into or around which molten metal can be poured |
| Rolling and Finishing Processes | (in a steelmill): processes for the conversion of semi-finished shapes, such as slabs, blooms and billets, to products, such as steel strip, plates, tubes and reinforcing bars, which are used in customers' industrial processes e.g. for production of automobiles, white goods, etc., and in construction projects |
| Sand Additives | chemicals which are added to mould and core sand to overcome impurities and differences in physical properties, e.g. to minimise problems where molten metal penetrates between round sand grams |
| Sand Cores and Moulds | preformed sand shapes which represent the inner and outer dimensions of a casting; when combined, they form a cavity into which molten metal is poured and the casting shape is described |
| Secondary Steel Making | the refining (adjustment of chemical composition) which is carried out to the steel in the ladle after it leaves the melting furnace and before it is transferred to the tundish |
| Slab | continuously cast semi-finished steel product, rectangular in section and subsequently rolled into steel strips or other flat product. Though there are no precise dimensions, a slab usually has a section size ranging from 70-300mm thick and 1,000¬-3,000mm wide |
| Slag Retention Products | products to hold back the 'slag' or impurities on the surface of the |
| Strip | Flat rolled slab, which is subsequently supplied in coil form to the automobile and white goods industries |
| Thinner-Walled Castings | cast components with relatively thin walls. Recent advances in metallurgical quality and alloying have enabled such components to be cast in metal (which would previously have been fabricated in other materials and/or by other methods) |
| Transfer Ladles | (in foundries or steelmills) a vessel used to transfer molten metal between one process or area and another |
| Tundish | a refractory holding vessel, with one or more nozzles in the base, used to feed molten steel, in a controlled manner, into the mould(s) of the continuous casting process |
| Tundish Furniture | a range of highly refractory precast shapes (dams/weirs/baffles/ impact pads) used to control the flow of steel through the continuous casting tundish and assist the removal of inclusions (impurities) from the steel, before transfer to the continuous casting mould |
| Glossary V2.0 | |